A bank account looks like storage. In practice, most of what you deposit is lent out, and those loans shape homes, businesses, energy and local services.
Banks lend out most of what is deposited. Across U.S. banks, this is roughly how those loans divide.
Where $700 of loans goes, from a $1,000 deposit
Real estate$336
Commercial and industry$140
Consumer credit$120
Other loans$74
Energy$20
Agriculture$12
Approximate figures based on U.S. banking sector averages, from the Federal Reserve’s H.8 release and other sources. Small rounding differences can occur.
What deposits shape
Three things your bank’s lending decides.
Homes and neighborhoods
When deposits become loans, they turn into homes, shops, clinics and public spaces. Lending decides whether small businesses can hire, whether affordable housing is efficient and healthy, and whether neighborhoods get the upgrades they need.
What gets built next
Homes, power grids, transit and heating systems are financed years before we use them. Lending decides whether communities get grid upgrades that prevent outages, efficient homes and modern transport, or systems that cost more to run for decades.
Who gets access
Access to credit decides who can afford efficient upgrades, which neighborhoods carry high energy bills, and whose homes are ready for heatwaves and storms. Communities with less access to credit face higher costs and fewer choices.
Real examples
What deposits have financed.
Loans from banks and credit unions listed in our directory. Each example names the lender and links to where it was published.
Coffee
East Alstead, New Hampshire
East Alstead Roasting Co.
A small-batch roaster of single-origin coffee, run from the back wing of a family home built in the 1800s. With a loan from Walden Mutual, it now serves customers directly from its own coffee trailer as well as shipping nationally.
Term loan for equipment and a mobile coffee trailer
In 2005 a developer offered $16 million for this stretch of cliffs, woodland and waterfalls on the Blue Ridge Escarpment. The Carolina Mountain Land Conservancy and The Nature Conservancy matched the offer within a month, and Self-Help Credit Union lent part of the money.
A cake maker moving from wholesale to a shop of its own. A loan from Self-Help Credit Union paid for equipment and the renovation of a leased space downtown, and the business now runs as a bakery and café.
Vegetables, flowers and herbs for Greater Boston restaurants and a farm share with pickups in Boston and Cambridge. A loan from Walden Mutual paid for a delivery vehicle to keep up with demand.
A grocery store owned by its members, more than 1,200 of them in late 2023. An SBA loan from National Cooperative Bank helped it open its doors on November 1, 2023.
Supportive housing for people who have experienced homelessness, developed by the Coalition for Responsible Community Development and Little Tokyo Service Center and financed by Beneficial State Bank. Residents will have access to case management, health screening and crisis support.
56 homes, with $17.8 million in construction and $3.3 million in permanent financing
Two battery systems next to the local electric cooperative’s substations, financed by Climate First Bank. They store electricity when supply is high and release it at peak times, which helps prevent blackouts and brownouts.
144 solar towers that turn with the sun. A permanent loan from Beneficial State Bank helped finish the project after it was left out of other financing.
30% of the power goes to low- and moderate-income families at a reduced cost